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Objective: Malaysia's first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in January 2020, with the first case in the state of Negeri Sembilan diagnosed on 17 February 2020. The National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme commenced in early March 2021 in Negeri Sembilan. This study describes the COVID-19 cases and vaccination coverage in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, during 2021. Methods: The demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases and the district's vaccination coverage were described. Vaccination coverage was plotted against COVID-19 cases on the epidemic curve. The chi-square test was used to examine the differences between the vaccination status of COVID-19 cases and severity category, hospitalization status and mortality. Results: In Seremban District, there were 65 879 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 2021. The data revealed that the 21–30-year age group had the highest proportion of cases (16 365;24.8%), the majority of cases were male (58.3%), and most cases were from the sub-district of Ampangan (23.1%). The majority of cases were Malaysian. Over half (53.5%) were symptomatic, with fever (29.8%) and cough (22.8%) being the most frequently reported symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination status was significantly associated with severity category, hospitalization and mortality (P < 0.001 for all categories). Discussion: This is the first study to describe two-dose vaccination coverage and the trend in COVID-19 cases in Seremban District. It was observed that COVID-19 cases had been reduced following more than 60.0% vaccination coverage. © 2023, World Health Organization. All rights reserved.
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This study investigates engagement activities higher education institutions have been providing to develop a learning culture as well as entrepreneurship skills for undergraduate entrepreneurship education learners in Australia. This research is intended to explore changes and adjustments made in the curriculum of undergraduate entrepreneurship education programmes in selected higher education institutions in Australia due to uncertainties caused by COVID-19. We focused on six Australian universities offering undergraduate entrepreneurship programmes, which were purposefully chosen. Data and information were gathered from the universities' websites, documents available from the same source, the universities' structure of engagement activities, and their curriculum. Previous literature was referred to for models already proposed and executed. By considering the COVID-19 crisis as well as similar types of future uncertainties, the study has identified the necessity of implementing open innovation and experiential learning models in a blended environment and having strong IT infrastructure for sustainable industry-university collaboration to facilitate a learning culture and develop entrepreneurship skills in undergraduate entrepreneurship education learners in Australia. © 2023 by the authors.
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Numerous firms across the globe are now fully utilizing a variety of cutting-edge online communication platform technologies as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. The usage of various online communication tools by students and instructors is required by higher education institutions in order to maintain an uninterrupted educational process. The goal of this study is to discover more about how university students perceive the advantages and challenges of online learning. It will also look at how students prefer online learning based on prior experiences. In order to determine the degree of agreement among the respondents based on their feedback comments, the 238 data sets that were collected were analysed using the average index value. Frequency analysis was carried out to examine the frequencies and Average Index Value of the respondents in relation to the survey variables. According to students, the most important advantages of online learning were the replay function, which allowed students to access lecture slides and recorded video at a later time to review the courses, and the flexibility of time, which allowed them to access the lecture materials whenever there was a reliable internet connection. On the other hand, inability to maintain concentration in online classes and a lack of self-discipline were the most frequent obstacles with online learning. When it comes to the preferences of students for online learning, the vast majority of them favoured synchronous learning and wanted access to recorded lecture videos and lecture slides after the class for subsequent topic revision. The research findings contribute to the body of knowledge on students' views and preferences toward online learning by considering the perspective of diploma students. © 2023,International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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The Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented in Malaysia on 18 March 2020. The MCO has changed people's lifestyle to some extent because they have been advised to work from home. Due to this situation, the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) implemented online learning methods throughout the MCO period to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Therefore, all schools have implemented online teaching and learning with the instructions of the MOE as a new norm to ensure that learning sessions are not delayed. The purpose of this study was to determine the level and factors of effectiveness of online learning for secondary school students studying economics subjects during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative research design employing a questionnaire as data collection instrument. The results show that the effectiveness of online learning for economics students is at a high level. The results of the survey illustrate that most students use mobile phones and laptops to attend classes that take place online. Furthermore, the study found that teacher factors are the main factors that influence the effectiveness of online learning among students. This research has implications for educators to apply online learning methods as a new normative teaching method to ensure compliance with the National Education Philosophy and the objectives of the Malaysia Education Development Plan 2013–2025. © 2023 Society for Research and Knowledge Management. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 has rapidly impacted on mortality worldwide. Early identification of COVID-19 cases in community at high risk of death can enhance patient treatment and resource allocation. The goal of this study is to identify the characteristics of COVID-19 mortality cases in Kubang Pasu districts in 2021. Data on mortality cases in the year 2021 in Kubang Pasu district were collected, extracted and analyzed. There are 210 (1.9%) mortality cases had been recorded in 2021 due to COVID-19 infection form 11019 COVID-19 cases in Kubang Pasu district. The mortality cases consist of 108(51%) female and 102(49%) male. The highest mortality cases involved the age group of more than 70 years old with 73 (34.8%) cases. The highest race was Malay 193(91.9%), followed by non-Malaysian(2.9%), Chinese 4(1.9%), Siamese 4(1.9%) and Indian 3(1.4%) respectively. Most of the mortality cases are unvaccinated 153 (72.9%). The most coomon cause of death is due to COVID-19 pneumonia with 205 (97.5%) cases. Majority of the cases were screen through symptomatic screening and close contact screening 86 (40.9%) cases and 52 (24.8%) respectively. Among the mortality cases, there are 22(10.5%) brought-in-death cases which 19 (86%) cases are Malay. Most of the brought-in-death cases are unvaccinated, 19 (86%) cases, incomplete vaccine 1 (5%) case and 2 (9%) cases completed vaccine. The highest number of mortality cases occur among those with age more than 70. It involved mostly among Malay race and they were unvaccinated. Lung complication is the main cause of death since most of the mortality cases passed away due to pneumonia. This high number of mortality and BID cases might be attributed to poor health-seeking behaviour among the Kubang Pasu population with COVID-19. Promotion activities about COVID-19 and vaccine should be strengthened further to improve the knowledge and actions towards COVID-19 in community. © 2022, Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. All Rights Reserved.
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Introduction: Social media and Internet use during disasters have been proven to be useful tools in helping public health agencies to respond to pandemics. However, this tool can also be the culprit in the spread of misinformation to the public. This study aims to identify the public health impact of misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic using the socio-ecological model. Methods: A systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was initially undertaken by searching relevant articles published from January to November 2020 in several electronic databases including Medline, PubMed, and Springer link. All publications produced in English regarding the impact of misinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak were included except review articles. Results: Eleven articles were identified from these databases. The public health impact of misinformation from these articles was analysed and discussed according to the domains of the socio-ecological model. It was found that various elements of misinformation on the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant impact on the individual, interpersonal, organisational, community, and policy levels across various nations. Conclusion: This study concludes that addressing misinformation during a pandemic such as the COVID-19 phenomenon is an important measure to improve public health response in mitigating the spread of pandemics. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Medical devices and Electronic Medical Records (EMR) have been technologically integrated, transforming their independent structure and functionality. There is a significant increase in medical device deployment in healthcare institutions. However, the integration exposes them to cyber threats, which can undermine effective care delivery and threaten patient safety. The World Health Organization has noticed a significant rise in cyberattacks following the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper reviews the literature on cyber threats affecting the medical device integration with EMR (MDI-EMR). It highlights the cyber threats to the MDI-EMR and the effectiveness of control mechanisms. The most common cyber threats to MD include phishing, ransomware attacks, data breaches, Distributed Denial of Service attacks, and SQL injection. Security challenges associated with the EMR and medical devices are also threating their confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The review enables researchers to better understand safety, security and privacy issues related to the MD-EMR, as well as available solutions. © 2022 IEEE.
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Much research has proven the effect of human capital on the organizational performance;the present study demonstrates how this causal relationship take place in the reality. In other words, in this research, first, organizational factors that cause human capital to flourish and be empowered are identified, and then their effects on the factors that shape the performance of an organization are identified. Hence, the main objective of this study was to examine the impact of the organizational factors empowering human capital on the organizational performance enablers. To do so, a questionnaire is administrated and Linear regression analysis using SPSS 22.0 applied for data analysis. According to the results, human capital empowerment factors have a statistically significant impact on the performance enablers. Finding disclosed that an effective performance evaluation system and effective leadership, which empower human capital in the organization, have a positive significant effect on the organizational performance. The findings indicate that organizations with an effective performance appraisal system and effective leadership not only provide a platform in which human capital is identified and grown, but also improve the factors that shape the performance of an organization. This research contributes to the literature on human resources, human capital, organizational management, and ultimately organizational performance.
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Dyslexia refers to an impairment in reading, writing, and phonological aspects and is usually associated with language. Without proper screening, students may end up facing difficulties in their studies near the future. Currently, schools in Malaysia use an instrument called Instrumen Senarai Semak Diskleksia (ISD) which assesses either the student is a high probabilistic dyslexic student or not and whether the student needs further medical investigation. The manual nature of this instrument presents challenges for the teachers performing the assessment. Due to the large number of students being assessed it takes time and effort to tabulate the results. Also, it is difficult to store and retrieve efficiently. Further, the teachers face challenges in identifying the students' suitable learning styles. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic which restricts face-to-face assessments exacerbates these challenges and highlights the need for an online assessment system. To overcome these problems, a web-based system to screen students with dyslexia and assess their learning style preferences has been developed using the VARK Model of Learning Styles. This system was developed using the waterfall model, encompassing requirements gathering, system design and system development. Future work may include an enhanced analysis of the generated results and email generation capabilities. © 2022 Author(s).
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The most recent COVID-19 pandemic has posed a risk to the world economy that has never been seen before. Therefore, the welcoming attitude of the residents in tourist destinations has become a concern for post-COVID-19 tourism recovery. There seem to be many issues concerning the interactions of hosts and tourists as Covid-19 fear exists. Thus, this study aims to examine the role of place attachment and host tourists' attractions on the welcoming attitude of the residents in Langkawi, Malaysia. The researchers conducted a quantitative method and cross-sectional approach in this study. Researchers distributed 600 questionnaires to the respondents in Langkawi, Malaysia, and 461 usable questionnaires were returned and proceeded for further analysis. This study used structural equation modelling to use Smart PLS version 3 software. In structural equation modelling, the measurement and structural model of the study were reported. The study found that place attachment and host tourists interaction play a significant role in maximizing residents' welcoming attitude. The practitioners and academicians will be benefited from the outcome study while exploring tourism recovery strategies and post-Covid tourist arrival. © 2022 Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved.
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Workplace mental health is becoming significant in higher education. Employment is one of the factors that can impair an employee's mental health, restricting their capacity to function well. This study aimed to assess mental health status among employees in a higher institution in Kuantan and its association with sociodemographic and job characteristics. An online survey was distributed using a random email list from September 2020 to October 2020. The employees were given the validated Malay versions of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress 21 (DASS-21) and the Job Content Questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, and stress were prevalent in 26.5%, 36.2% and 21.3% of these workers, respectively. Individuals who lived alone during the COVID-19 movement control order reported having stress symptoms (p = 0.04). Job insecurity was linked to anxiety (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 4.1, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.4, 11.71, p = 0.01), whereas employees with poor supervisor support had a significantly increased risk of depression (AOR = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.99, 27.5, p = 0.003), anxiety (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.15, 13.69, p = 0.03), and stress (AOR = 9.3, 95% CI = 2.09, 41.84, p = 0.003) compared to their counterpart. Our research concluded that this group of employees frequently reported depression, anxiety, and stress. The results also highlight that supervisor support and job security are significantly related to mental health problems. Employee depression, anxiety, and stress may be addressed by policies that encourage better supervisor support and job security © 2022, Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. All Rights Reserved.
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Background: As rituximab (RTX) is a B-cell depleting agent, there are concerns regarding its safety during the COVID pandemic. Data from registries during pre-vaccination period reported increased risk of poor outcomes in RTX-treated patients vs TNFi. However, registry data could be limited by reporting bias in determining true incidence. There are also limited data on breakthrough infections following COVID vaccination. Objectives: To assess the incidence of breakthrough infections and predictors of severe COVID outcomes in RTX-treated autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) with a view to establishing a treatment algorithm for safe RTX administration. Methods: An observational cohort study was undertaken in the frst consecutive 300 ARD patients in a single centre between index date 01/09/2019 (i.e. 6 months prior to pandemic) and 31/01/2022. Only PCR positive cases were included. COVID outcomes were categorised as Mild (i.e. not hospitalised) or Moderate/Severe (i.e. hospitalised and requiring at least oxygenation or death). Predictors of moderate/severe outcomes were analysed using Cox-regression proportional hazard. Results: Mean (SD) at index date was 59 (14) years, 226/300 (75%) patients were female and 254 (85%) were Caucasians. The diagnoses were RA=212 (71%), SLE=33 (11%), AAV=26 (9%), Sjogren=9 (3%), IIM=8 (3%) and others=12 (4%). Therapy included concomitant DMARDs = 205 (68%) and oral prednisolone = 84 (28%). Median (range) no. of previous RTX courses was 4 (0-19). 534 RTX courses were administered. Of 294 patients with available vaccine data, 17 (6%) were unvaccinated, 4 (1%) had a single dose, 47 (16%) were double-vaccinated, 217 (74%) triple-vaccinated and 9 (3%) quadruple-vaccinated. Of those who were vaccinated, for the frst dose, 11% were given within 12 weeks post-RTX, 15% within 26 weeks and 74% were >26 weeks post-RTX. The rate of overall COVID and moderate/severe infections were 11.2/100 PYs and 2.6/100 PYs respectively. Vaccinated patients had lower rate of moderate/severe infection (2.6/100 PYs) vs unvaccinated (18.6/100 PYs) [Table 1]. Over 650.7 PY follow-up, 17/300 patients (5.7%) had moderate/severe COVID including 2 deaths. Factors associated with time-to-infection in imputed multivariable analysis were number of comorbidities [HR 1.46 (95% CI 1.05-2.04)] and low IgG (<6g/L) [6.15 (1.95-19.41)]. A history of COVID vaccination reduced risk [HR 0.13 (0.03-0.51)]. Demographics including concomitant predni-solone, RTX-and vaccine-associated factors (e.g. RTX dose, time from RTX to vaccine, vaccine mode, peripheral B-cell depletion) were not predictive. Conclusion: The rate of moderate/severe COVID infection in this cohort is comparable to the pre-pandemic severe infection rate in rituximab trials in RA. The high vaccination uptake in our cohort was effective in preventing severe infection despite the termination of national shielding programme in March 2021 and the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants. Individualised risk-beneft assessment should be undertaken in those with comorbidities, low IgG and unvacci-nated when scheduling rituximab therapy.
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Digital transformation refers to redefining the business process via digital technology. The innovation and digital revolution have remarkable effects on the global economy by affecting organisational relevancy in the marketplace. SMEs are considered as a nation’s growth engine and seriously affected due to tech-adaptation challenges that arise at a fast pace such as COVID-19 outbreaks severely affected the SMEs businesses by the drop in demand and scarcity of resources all across the globe, including ASEAN region such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippine, Thailand etc. Thus, to begin with digital transformation, enterprises must be aware of the factors influencing it as only few countries are lagging in digital transformation in the ASEAN region. This paper aims to highlight the factors influencing the digital transformation of SMEs focusing on internal and external factors. The Innovation and Technology Adoption Theory was selected as the underpinning theory for this research, along with the holistic Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) Model as the chosen framework to reflect technology adoption theory. The present study raises some practical implications for policymakers, government and industries. It will help accelerate the rapid adaptation of digital technology for SMEs and directly affect the growth of SMEs. The present study singled out that organisational, technological and environmental factors provide a widespread view of digital transformation of SMEs. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Police officers play a crucial role in guaranteeing the safety of residents by protecting their lives. However, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, police officers were supposed to organize local shutdowns, promote social distance, and enforce stay-at-home orders. Hence, this research aims to explore potential sources of stress, and causes of conflict. The respondents are the police officers from Petaling Jaya District Police Headquarter. Data is collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that most police officers feel stressed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with their workload.
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Introduction: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 worldwide has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This study aims to determine the factors associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Background/Aims Rituximab is a chimeric type-1 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved by NHS England for refractory SLE. Secondary inefficacy with infusion reactions and anti-rituximab-antibodies occurs in 14% of re-treated patients. Obinutuzumab is a next-generation humanised type-2 anti-CD20 antibody licensed for the treatment of haematological malignancies. Methods We collated data from nine SLE patients receiving off-label obinutuzumab for secondary non-response to rituximab with infusion reactions across six centres (Leeds, Bradford, York, UCL, Birmingham and Nottingham). Disease activity was assessed using BILAG-2004 and SLEDAI-2K and serology in local diagnostic laboratories before, and 6 months after, obinutuzumab 2x1000mg infusions 2 weeks apart alongside methylprednisolone 100mg. Results All patients received concomitant oral immunosuppression and prednisolone. 6/9 received hydroxychloroquine. The median number of rituximab cycles before obinutuzumab therapy was 2.5. Before obinutuzumab 6/9 patients had BILAG A/B mucocutaneous, 6/9 had BILAG A/B musculoskeletal and 4/9 had BILAG A/B renal. 6 months after obinutuzumab 1/9 patients had BILAG B mucocutaneous, no patients had BILAG A/B musculoskeletal and 2/9 patients had BILAG A/B renal. Median dsDNA reduced from 118 to 83 IU/mL, C3 increased from 0.53 to 1.02g/L and C4 increased from 0.095 to 0.23g/L. Prednisolone dose was reduced in 5/9 patients;before obinutuzumab all patients received 10mg or more. After obinutuzumab, 4/9 patients received 5mg and were in Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS). Patient 5 did not respond and required further methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide at 4 months. Patient 6 had a partial renal response but required renal transplantation, which was successful. Patient 8 responded well to obinutuzumab but died from severe COVID-19 infection (unvaccinated). After obinutuzumab 6 patients with B-cell data all achieved complete depletion including 4/4 assessed with highly sensitive assays. Conclusion These results demonstrate obinutuzumab's efficacy in patients with secondary non-response to rituximab. These patients have severe disease with few treatment options, but previous responsiveness to Bcell depletion. Therefore, switching to another therapy in this class is mechanistically logical. Obinutuzumab appeared effective in renal and non-renal SLE as well as steroid-sparing. Immunological markers also improved. Obinutuzumab was generally well tolerated and will be further investigated for treatment-refractory lupus in the REGENCY and ALLEGORY trials.
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COVID-19 has affected university medical students, resulting in the new norm of learning and practice. Understanding these students' knowledge, attitude and their practice would be essential as they would serve as the future doctor in Malaysia. The study attempted to evaluate medical students' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. An online and multi centre cross-sectional study was undertaken among all the three public medical schools in the east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia, between 8th July to 21st July 2020. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic data and the three domains which included COVID-19 KAP. Students were invited to participate via social media platform such as WhatsApp and students' email. A total of 1,008 medical students voluntarily participated in the study with female to male ratio of 2.6:1. A total of 356 (35.3%) of the medical students had satisfactory knowledge score, with 75% of them were female. The majority of the students had positive attitude towards COVID-19 and practiced meticulous social distancing during the pandemic. We noted that seniority influenced knowledge score, and this was evident as 264 (26.2%) of the students were in their clinical year. Overall, the knowledge scores regarding COVID-19 among the medical students in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia was reasonable and there were opportunities to augment these standards. Meticulous plans are needed to enhance knowledge and preparedness of the current crops of medical students to be competent future frontliner for Malaysia. © Malaysian Association of Education in Medicine and Health Sciences and Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. 2022
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Introduction: COVID-19 has led to a change in the health-seeking behaviour and the delivery of healthcare. Globally, fragility fracture admissions have reduced by 0-54% depending on location. When Malaysia implemented the third movement control order on 3 May 2021 in response to increasing COVID-19 cases, the number of orthopaedic beds in the University Malaya Medical Centre was reduced from over a hundred to twenty-eight. To date, the impact of COVID-19 on fragility fracture admission in Malaysia is unknown. This study aims to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 cases and fragility fracture admissions to a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from April to June 2021 in the University Malaya Medical Centre. The patients admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre with fragility fractures between April and June 2021 were identified and compared to the corresponding periods in 2018. Patients <50 years old and those who had fractures due to cancer were excluded. The relationship between the total number of COVID-19 cases per week and weekly fragility fractures admissions were determined. Results: A total of 406,479 COVID-19 cases were reported over 3 months (April, n = 63,213;May, n = 163,644;June, n = 179,622). Fifty-five patients [mean age (78.9±8.6), female (44/55,80%), hip fractures (36/55,65.5%)] were admitted in April-June 2021, which was a 35.3% reduction when compared to the same period in 2018 [n = 85, mean age (75.1±9.9), female (62/85,72.9%), hip fractures (53/85,62.4%)], although no significant difference was found between the baseline characteristics. However, both fragility fracture and hip fracture admissions were found to be negatively correlated (r =-0.76 and r =-0.75) with the COVID-19 cases (P < 0.01). Twelve (12/51,23.5%) patients admitted in 2021 due to post-fall fragility fractures presented to the hospital more than a day after their injury. The proportion of patients with delayed presentation (>1 day post-fall) increased over the study period (April = 5/26, 19.2%;May = 3/13, 23.1%;June = 4/12, 33.3%). Conclusion: There was a reduction in fragility fracture admissions during the COVID outbreak in Malaysia. There might be a rebound in cases after the COVID crisis is over, reorganising medical services may be warranted to ensure effective fracture care delivery.
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Police officers play a crucial role in guaranteeing the safety of residents by protecting their lives. However, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, police officers were supposed to organize local shutdowns, promote social distance, and enforce stay-at-home orders. Hence, this research aims to identify potential sources of stress, and causes of conflict. The respondents are the police officers from Petaling Jaya District Police Headquarter. Data is collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that most police officers feel stressed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with their workload.
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The coronavirus COVID-19 is affecting 196 countries and territories around the world. The number of deaths keep on increasing each day because of COVID-19. According to World Health Organization (WHO), infected COVID-19 is slightly increasing day by day and now reach to 570,000. WHO is prefer to conduct a screening COVID-19 test via online system. A suitable approach especially in string matching based on symptoms is required to produce fast and accurate result during retrieving process. Currently, four latest approaches in string matching have been implemented in string matching;characters-based algorithm, hashing algorithm, suffix automation algorithm and hybrid algorithm. Meanwhile, extensible markup language (XML), JavaScript object notation (JSON), asynchronous JavaScript XML (AJAX) and JQuery tehnology has been used widelfy for data transmission, data storage and data retrieval. This paper proposes a combination of algorithm among hybrid, JSON and JQuery in order to produce a fast and accurate results during COVID-19 screening process. A few experiments have been by comparison performance in term of execution time and memory usage using five different collections of datasets. Based on the experiments, the results show hybrid produce better performance compared to JSON and JQuery. Online screening COVID-19 is hopefully can reduce the number of effected and deaths because of COVID. © 2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.